W6. Cultural Globalization - Jeon Seung Hyeon

W6. Cultural Globalization

Information Sociology

2014048640 Jeon Seung Hyeon

1. Introduction

 Cultural globalization refers to the transmission of ideas, meaning and global values in a way that enhances expansion and social relations. In modern times, and at the beginning of the 20th century, this process is marked by the general consumption of culture spread by the Internet, popular culture media, and international travel. It has a long history with the meaning of global culture and added to the process of commodity exchange and colonization.

 

 Cultural circulation enables individuals to participate in extended social relationships across national and regional boundaries. The expansion of creation and social relations is not observed only at the material level. Cultural globalization involves the formation of shared norms and knowledge that link people's cultural identities with their own individuals and groups. This provides an incremental interaction between different groups and cultures.

(Source : Genius learning encyclopedia)

2. Key concepts and phenomena

 1) DETERRITORIALIZATION

 In general, the concept of culture is implicitly associated with speciality and territory. It was the assumption that culture was subject to physical space constraints and that it was accompanied by limited integration.

 However, the complex and abstract connections that globalization brings have weakened this concept. Globalization has overcome the restriction of the region.

 The most fundamental characteristic of globalization is the de-territorialization caused by complex social and economic union and proliferation. This means that the area covered and experienced in everyday life will expand and become more connected.

 Furthermore, the weakening of the correlation between cultural experience and geographic boundaries is the broadest impact of cultural globalization.

 2) COSMOPOLITANISM

 Cosmopolitanism is the ideology of realizing a world society that regards all human beings as one and individual units. It is ideal to move away from the state of the state and realize a world state by excluding the peculiar values and prejudices of the state.

 Hegel's world history, which was settled by war, is called the world court, and the global civilization is backed by the full-fledged nationalism with the French Revolution. In this context, the leftist internationalist movement focusing on 'international' such as Marxism and anarchism attracts attention. In Marx and Engels' Communist Party Declaration, 'Workers do not have a homeland', claiming 'unity of workers all over the world'. At the same time, however, he argued that 'the proletarian class must become a citizen by itself by acquiring political domination'. In Marxism, internationalism was not distinguished from the cosmopolitanism of 'people without root', not denying the unit of the people. The tendency to emphasize the nation along with the class became stronger in the 20th century when Marxism 's influence reached the developing regions and accompanied the national liberation struggle. And that cosmopolitanism was bourgeois.

 In the 20th century, the socialism 's internationalism was also defeated by nationalism and two world wars erupted. The United Nations, which was created by reflection on the post-Cold War era, was restricted by the Cold War ethics, but nonetheless, interdependence deepened and the international community became more real. After the Cold War, the globalization was further advanced and the framework of the national state was remarkably shaken. Now, the international community is not only formed by inter-state relations, but also by NGOs such as multinational corporations and civic movements, and by international media. The idea of ​​citizens living in them is not only an international but also a re-evaluation of cosmopolitan views It is being urged.

 3) CULTURAL IDENTITY

 Cultural identity is a sense of identity or belonging to a particular group that has been influenced by various countries, races, gender, religion, and so on. This identity is created by communication, values of group and family members, faith, and important personal experience.

 There is a difference in individual cultural identity. You will be influenced by a variety of factors, including groups that naturally use the new language, favorite groups that love analog machines, groups that love rap, or classics, and groups that play with Barbie at a young age.

 And in the global age, when people meet and communicate with each other, these differences can be found without difficulty. There are mistakes made by people who do not understand the words of the Japanese people who express the rejection in a roundabout way, and mistakes made when they do not know that it is politely unfit to fill the empty cup of the German person in the drink.

 The sense of cultural identity to be encountered as much as the various countries of the planet is also diverse.

 Through the identification of the traditional existence that exists in the modern life, it is possible to reaffirm the legitimacy of life and to strengthen the cultural identity within it. This is directly related to the meaning of the existence of one's life, and the festival can be an important mediator of this process. The number of festivals and the number of festivals are increasing beyond measure in Korea as well as at the global level.

 4) CULTURE HOMOGENIZATION and CULTURAL CONVERGENCE

 Cultural homogenization is a phenomenon in which cultural characteristics of one region are the same or similar in other regions.

 Examples include the proliferation of popular culture such as hamburgers, coke, fast food restaurants, coffee shops, Hollywood movies, pop music, and jeans in the United States.

 The tendency to become uniform in Western culture appears, and the cultural uniqueness of individual countries is weakened. There are also cultural and economic inequalities among countries.

 Cultural convergence is a phenomenon in which the culture that has spread according to globalization is mixed with local culture according to the characteristics of each region. Two different cultures combine to form a new third form.

 For example, there are local burgers, California rolls, stone beds with Korean Ondol and Western beds, Bollywood movies in India, and K-pop in Korea.

3. Discussion point

 Today, the international society is no longer established by the relationship between nations. But also by NGOs and international media, such as multinational corporations and civic movements.

 As a citizen's idea of living in this world, the necessity of a cosmopolitan view is raised not only as an international. How do you think about this?