Political globalization
Information sociology
2015048986 천병헌
1.Summary
Political globalization can be understood as a tension between the three processes that interact to produce complex areas of world politics. Global Geographical Education, Global normalistic Culture, and Multi-centre Networks. There is no doubt that one of the most common forms of political globalization is the spread of global democracy based on the parliamentary system. The democratic government exists in most parts of the world. This is a kind of globalization based on territory. It is mainly confined to the political form of the nation-state. Not only does it form a new form of global geopolitics. it takes a traditional form. After the collapse of the Soviet Union and the end of the Communist Party of Europe, democracy became a generally accepted form of government. The democracies of many different parts of the world created a very different kind of political culture. The globalization of democracy has become the basis of the so-called ‘new world order’. Thus, the first dimension of political globalization is the geopolitics of global power. The second dimension refers to the emergence of the world's normative culture. This is distributed across international political communication. As a result of global communication and mass culture, political communication is global and not confined to borders. Today, the world's normative culture exists beyond the national system.
Globalization has another dimension of globalization that is less relevant to nation and can not be reduced to a global norm. This is a form of a pluralistic network, a form of non-national politics. A pluralistic network is associated with a new form of global governance. The concept of civil society refers to the political sphere between countries and markets where unofficial politics is conducted. This is a new space that goes beyond the realm of state and government. The world's civil society has been around all sorts of social movements.(INGO, grassroots organization)
These three aspects of globalization do not exist separately. Because everything is a product of globalization and is related to each other.
Three dynamics of political globalization will be reviewed for four examples of social transformation.
1. The transition of national and civil rights
The concept of "The decline of nation-state" should be replaced by the concept of continuous change of national state. The nation continues to become a powerful actor, but it exists globally, and they are completely out of control.
The country is always equipped with regulatory functions. These functions are conducted in a transnational manner through cooperation with other countries. It is linked together in a transnational dimension of cross-border functions. However, it is transformed by becoming a major representative of the functional components of the transnational organization and capitalism. Globalization reconfigure the nations around capitalism. And the nation-state can not be independent.
As a result, nation state crises are evident in the transformation of nationality. Separation of nationality and citizenship can be attributed to the influence of the world's normative culture. Due to this, the boundaries of domestic law and international law are ambiguous. In a similar way, people and nations experienced new tensions. For example, transnational integration of nations in EU countries has undermined the emergence of new nationalist movements. Nationalism has emerged since the early 1990s in Europe. And the conditions of the new type of populist nationalism were invented. Populist nationalism is the key driver of protecting the nation from all kinds of globalization.
2.Changes in Public Places and Communication
Communication is the center of politics. The country is based on centralized communications systems. Most of nation state are based on standardized language over time. The political parties also exercised social influence in the center of political communication.
Public areas are political places. The concept of public domain has been theorized to the rise of commercial mass media. The new social theory of the public realm has now moved to a broader perspective of the public realm as an international community. The public realm is now widely known as what can be called the international community. This is a global context that doesn't mean a particular public opinion. The world's mass is the realm of discourse that is always present in today's narrative of political communication and public discourse.
The global masses place great resonance in all communication in the context of forming and synthesizing public discourse. The world is not outside the social world, and it's inside many ways. Therefore, we can see political communication in the public domain, which is framed by the global problem. It can be said that the world's normative culture plays a leading role in forming political communication. This is caused by a global civil society that greatly amplifies the world's normative culture.
3. The center of the civil society
"Civic socialization" in politics means the commonality between various political forms(Regional, national, global, transnational). They also employ various actors around the common political norms. And 'Civic socialization' infiltrated international relations.
The world civic society is committed to resolving the contradictions that are pivotal to the world's globalized experiences. The first contradiction is the relationship between the emphasis and respect on the trend of globalization. The second is the contradiction of the individual powers of globalization, while building a new type of autonomy. Because civil society is dealing with a broad range of political activities based on how it is defined.
The world civic society is not defined in relation to the state. This refers to a combination of NGOs' political campaign and international advocacy networks.
The globalization of civil society follows patterns such as democracy, nation state and civil rights. National standards are generalized, and the transnational connectivity of social movements and networks has increased. Thus, this helped remove borders from civil society and contribute to new interests and community formation.
4. Transformation of space and boundary
We make the world's downsized dimensions or compression a meaningful thing. We are conscious of the way we understand individuals. At the same time, the flow and mobility of globalization is generally held to represent threats to nation state. As a result, economic and political processes exceed the democratic political spectrum.
Focusing on new space and new forms of connectivity, space is not simply ' given ' to be provided with territory. It can be seen as a component of social and political relationships.
Point out the implications of three dilemmas of complexity relation and tension
First, the globalization of nation state and institutionalized governance model formed a universal aspiration for democracy.
Second, the world's normative culture played an important role in the global level of character maintaining a personal space.
Third, creating awareness about a pluralistic network, but at the same time creates new instability and risks.
2. Interesting Point
After the collapse of the Soviet Union and the end of the Communist Party in Europe, democracy has become a generally accepted form of government. Here I come up with Francis Fukuyama's 'The End of History.' The communist revolution of the Soviet Union(Bolshevik Revolution), that is socialistic experiment failed. In human history, ideological conflicts ended with the victory of capitalism. In other words, the history of ideological conflict has ended. Based on this, it is interesting that various democracies around the world created a very different political culture. The globalization of democracy has become the basis of the new world order. It created various political culture in Europe, the United States, and South Korea. For example, South Korea is different from the UK. Form of Korea politics has the system of direct election of the president, and the single-term system etc. However, the UK chose a political form based on Parliament. Meanwhile, there is no such thing as a situation where globalization can not be achieved unless it is present in the form of democratic politics today. Communist political forms like North Korea do not harmonize with the social agenda of political globalization.
Also, it was interesting that there was not only a national polity, but also a non-national polity dimension. As the border becomes ambiguous and global communication is possible, there is a growing number of activities such as UN, INGO, and grassroots democracy organization. In fact, around the school, there is a global civil society movement, such as the 'UNESCO movement' and ' UNICEF campaign'.
3. Discussion Point
Today, borders are blurred and global communication is possible. Most countries are based on standardized language. Also, public areas became important. Habermas introduced the concept of a “public sphere". Looking at the " Agora " page of Korea's "Daum" site, I wonder whether Habermas' ideas can be explained properly. This space has a biased form of politics. Also, people divide sides in this space. Instead of communicating, it has become a means that instigate masses of people. Therefore, when we communicate with each other in the public sphere or form a discourse, I want to discuss how we should approach it.
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